Start from flow. Up to 300 m³/h the industrial DAF covers it in horizontal (8–100) or vertical super-DAF (120–300) frames with 90–95% suspended-solids removal. Above that, the shallow circular DAF runs 40–650 m³/h in a 1 m-deep pool with a 3–5 minute retention time. If you want no pressure vessel and no compressor at all, the CAF covers 10–500 m³/h on 3.3–15.4 kW of vortex aerators. Refractory streams — emulsified oil, color, heavy metals — go to the electrocoagulation unit at 1–50 m³/h instead of, or behind, the flotation.

How the bubbles get into the water. A DAF dissolves air into a pressurized recycle stream at 0.35–0.50 MPa and releases it as 20–80 µm bubbles — finer, more uniform, and the right choice when removal efficiency decides the permit. A CAF spins a cavitation vortex impeller that pulls atmospheric air directly into the tank — no air compressor, no pressure vessel, no circulation pump, so the utility room and the capital both shrink, at the cost of slightly coarser separation. Many slaughter plants screen with the CAF on equalization duty and keep the DAF for the main fat and blood load.

Both, if you process whole animals. The bar screen is the bodyguard: 6–20 mm clear openings for the coarse load — gut contents, paunch, hair, feathers — in a channel 500–1,500 mm wide and up to 5 m deep, discharging straight into a dumpster or screw press. The drum micro-screen is the finisher: 40–200 mesh cloth (0.2–1.0 mm) catching what floats past the rake, at 50–500 m³/h with at least 95% removal above 0.75 mm and 55% above 0.37 mm, washed by internal spray headers so it never blinds. Feeding a DAF without the drum behind the bar screen means floating fibers, not fat.

It depends how much COD arrives before you get there. Blood water and paunch liquor are strong: an IC tower digests 15–25 kg COD per cubic meter per day, and a single IC-5000 removes 9,420–10,990 kg of COD a day while generating usable biogas. UASB units cover 100–500 m³ at 5–10 kg COD/m³/d for steadier loads. If your water is dilute wash-down, the aerobic half of an integrated plant handles it directly. Send the analysis and we state which towers, if any, earn their freight.

At small and medium flows — 10 to 500 m³/day — when you want the treatment gone from the surface. The NPW-IWT ships as a modular train with grid screening, AO/A2O contact oxidation, secondary clarification, MBR filtration and disinfection already piped, in FRP, epoxy carbon steel or SUS 304, controlled by a PLC cabinet with micro-porous aeration. Buried, the ground above carries parking or landscaping; containerized, it moves with the plant. Effluent is rated to the national Class 1A integrated standard: COD removal 85–90%, BOD₅ above 90%, NH₃-N 80–90%.

20–35% dry solids depending on the sludge biology — municipal-type sludge comes in at 96–98% water and leaves at 75–80%. The three stages do it in order: gravity drainage, low-pressure wedge squeeze, then high-pressure multi-roll shear across belts from 1,000 to 3,000 mm wide, running 5–8 m³/h per meter of belt. A dynamic flocculation reactor with a sight chamber conditions the sludge before it touches the first belt; without the matched PAM dose, no press makes a dry cake.

Land and residence time. The 60° hexagonal polypropylene tube media (Phi 50 / Phi 80 mm) give the same settling a circular tank does in a fraction of the plan area — civil land occupation drops 60–70% — and the hydraulic surface load of 1.5–3.0 m³/m²/h is up to three times a conventional clarifier. Coagulated water flashes through the built-in mix chamber, solids settle into multi-hopper bottoms with pneumatic quick-dump valves, and perforated V-notch stainless launders take the overflow evenly.

Three, and we jar-test all of them against your water before quoting: PAC poly aluminum chloride to coagulate the fat colloids and turbidity ahead of flotation and settling, PAM to bind the floc so the DAF skimmer and the belt press have something to grab, and caustic soda to hold the pH the biological stages need. If you would rather dose nothing at all, the electrocoagulation unit replaces the coagulant with a dissolving iron or aluminum electrode — electricity instead of bags.

That is the only way we quote treatment. From the flow and analysis we return the process route, the model at each stage, the civil interface drawings and the dosing plan — screens sized to the channel, flotation sized to the fat load, reactors sized to the COD, the press sized to the sludge the line actually makes. For slaughterhouse projects that continue through the kill floor, the same engineering desk works with the line teams; see the Pig Slaughter Line Solution and the Water Purification Solution for how the two ends connect.